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What Is the Bulk Density of Ammonium Metatungstate? 13

The bulk density of ammonium metatungstate (AMT) refers to the mass per unit volume of AMT powder in its naturally piled state, typically measured in g/cm3 or kg/m3. The term “natural piling” emphasizes that the powder is not compacted by external force but settles freely into a container under gravity, reflecting microstructural features such as porosity between particles, particle shape, particle size distribution, and surface roughness. From a physical perspective, bulk density is a key indicator of the flowability and…

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What Is the Density of Ammonium Metatungstate? 16

Ammonium metatungstate (AMT), a typical transition metal compound, appears as a white crystalline powder or slightly yellowish powder, with the molecular formula H28N6O41W12 and a density of 2.3-2.8 g/cm3. It has a wide range of applications. In the field of catalysis, AMT excels as a catalyst and support for reactions like hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in petrochemical processes. In functional materials, it is used to prepare tungsten-based energy storage materials and electrochromic materials. AMT is also utilized in producing ultrafine tungsten…

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Factors Affecting the Thermal Shock Resistance of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 79

The thermal shock resistance of barium tungsten electrodes is affected by many factors. The following is an analysis of the main influencing factors: 1. Material Composition and Purity 1.1 Barium Content: As a low work function material, barium can improve the electron emission performance of the electrode, but excessive or uneven barium distribution may cause internal stress concentration in the material and reduce thermal shock resistance. 1.2 Tungsten Matrix Characteristics: The grain size, purity and microstructure (such as grain boundary…

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Factors Affecting the Thermal Conductivity of Barium Tungsten Electrode 75

The thermal conductivity of barium tungsten electrode is affected by the combined effect of multiple factors, involving multiple aspects such as material science, thermodynamics and preparation process. 1. Material Composition and Microstructure 1.1 Barium Content and Distribution The Role of Barium: The addition of barium can significantly reduce the work function of tungsten and improve the electron emission performance, but excessive barium will lead to uneven distribution, forming a second phase (such as barium oxide) or pores, increasing phonon scattering,…

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Factors Affecting the Burnout Rate of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 76

Barium tungsten electrodes are mainly used for certain specific applications, such as plasma welding or discharge machining, and their burnout rate (the loss rate of electrode materials caused by high temperature, arc or other factors during operation) is affected by many factors. The following are the main factors affecting the burnout rate of barium tungsten electrodes: 1. Electrode Material Composition The Role of Barium Additives: Barium is added to the tungsten matrix as a low work function material, which can…

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Factors Affecting the Emission Efficiency of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 30

The emission efficiency of barium tungsten electrodes is the result of the coupling of multiple influencing factors, mainly involving material properties, preparation process, working conditions and environment, etc. 1. Material Composition and Structure Tungsten Matrix Characteristics: The porosity and pore size distribution of the porous tungsten matrix affect the storage and diffusion of barium. Higher porosity can store more active substances, but the structural strength needs to be balanced. Impregnation Composition: For example, the ratio of BaO-Al?O?-CaO affects the release…

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Factors Affecting the Surface Roughness of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 41

The factors affecting the surface roughness of barium tungsten electrodes involve multiple links such as material preparation, working environment, processing technology and post-treatment, and their formation mechanism is complex and interrelated. I. Influence of Material Composition and Preparation Process 1. Barium Tungsten Ratio and Emission Material Penetration Ratio Optimization: The content of barium (Ba) directly affects the electron emission performance and thermal stability of the electrode. If the barium content is too high, it may cause uneven distribution of BaO…

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Factors Affecting the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Barium Tungsten Electrode 33

The thermal expansion coefficient of barium tungsten electrode is mainly affected by factors such as material composition (ratio of barium to tungsten, doping elements), microstructure (grain size, porosity), preparation process (sintering, pressing, heat treatment) and use environment (temperature, atmosphere). 1. Material Composition and Chemical Composition Barium Content: Barium tungsten electrode is usually composed of tungsten matrix and barium-containing compounds (such as barium calcium aluminate). The ratio of barium compound to tungsten matrix directly affects the thermal expansion coefficient. Barium compounds…

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Factors Affecting the Grain Size of Barium Tungsten Electrode 29

The grain size of barium tungsten electrode is crucial to its performance (such as electron emission ability, thermal stability and mechanical strength), and its influencing factors can be summarized as follows: 1. Raw Material Characteristics Powder Particle Size and Uniformity: The smaller and more uniformly distributed the initial tungsten powder and barium salt particle size, the easier it is to control grain growth during sintering. Nanoscale powder can promote densification and refine grains. Barium Content and Existence Form: Barium usually…

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Factors Affecting the Arc Erosion Resistance of Barium Tungsten Electrodes 28

The arc erosion resistance of barium tungsten electrodes is the core indicator of its resistance to material loss, shape change or performance degradation under the action of arc, which directly affects its service life and stability. This ability is affected by multiple factors. The following is a systematic analysis from four dimensions: material properties, manufacturing process, use conditions and environmental interaction: I. Material Composition and Microstructure 1. Barium Tungsten Ratio and Alloying Effect Barium Content: Barium significantly improves electron emission…

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