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How to Remove Molybdenum Impurities from Sodium Tungstate? 11

The removal of molybdenum (Mo) impurities from sodium tungstate (Na?WO?) is a critical step in the purification process of tungsten chemicals, especially for producing high-purity tungsten products or intermediates such as APT (Ammonium Paratungstate) and AMT (Ammonium Metatungstate). Since both molybdenum and tungsten belong to Group VI B of the periodic table and exhibit similar chemical properties, their separation is particularly challenging. Below are commonly used methods and the principles behind them: I. Forms of Molybdenum Impurities In alkaline conditions,…

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Impact of Oxygen on Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy Performance 20

Oxygen is a critical factor in regulating the performance of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy. Through mechanisms such as oxide inclusion formation, solid-solution strengthening, and grain boundary segregation, it impacts the alloy’s mechanical properties, thermal stability, and processability. Therefore, in practical applications, oxygen content must be controlled within reasonable limits through raw material purification, process optimization, and deoxidation techniques to fully leverage the alloy’s advantages in high density, high strength, and excellent corrosion resistance. I. Forms and Mechanisms of Oxygen Presence Oxygen in…

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Sources of Impurity Elements in Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy 21

The impurity elements in tungsten-nickel-iron alloy (W-Ni-Fe) originate from complex sources, primarily involving raw materials, production processes, and environmental media. I. Impurities Introduced by Raw Materials Impurities in Tungsten Raw Materials: As the matrix material (90%–98%), tungsten powder often contains oxygen (O), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), and calcium (Ca). Elements like arsenic (As), tin (Sn), and antimony (Sb), naturally associated with primary tungsten ores, may persist in the alloy through smelting residues. Impurities in Nickel-Iron Binder…

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Impurity Elements in Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy 21

In addition to the primary elements tungsten, nickel, and iron, tungsten-nickel-iron alloy contains trace impurity elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus. These impurities can compromise grain boundary integrity, form brittle phases, and reduce the alloy’s conductivity, high-temperature strength, and radiation resistance. Control is achieved through raw material purification and process optimization, such as vacuum sintering. The following outlines the impact of key impurity elements on alloy performance. Hydrogen (H): With extremely low solubility in tungsten, it tends…

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Impact of Hydrogen on Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy Performance 18

Hydrogen’s influence on tungsten-nickel-iron alloy performance—through hydrogen embrittlement, conductivity degradation, and hydrogen retention—can reduce material reliability. However, controlling hydrogen content and enhancing performance can be achieved through alloy design and surface engineering. I. Hydrogen Embrittlement Effect: Plasticity Loss and Fracture Risk Hydrogen’s solubility in tungsten-nickel-iron alloy is significantly lower than in nickel or iron, leading to its enrichment at grain boundaries, dislocations, and second-phase interfaces. This enrichment triggers two typical hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms: Stress-Induced Hydrogen Precipitation: Under tensile or fatigue…

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Material Composition of Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy 11

Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy (W-Ni-Fe alloy) is a high-density alloy with tungsten as its matrix, allowing for a balance of density, strength, toughness, and cost through the adjustment of the nickel-iron ratio or the addition of trace elements. It is widely used in aerospace, defense, medical devices, and other fields. The alloy’s material composition includes tungsten, nickel, iron, carbon, and other elements. Tungsten (W): Comprising 90%–98%, it serves as the matrix element, forming a continuous framework that imparts high density, a high…

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Influence of Nickel-Iron Ratio on Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy Performance 11

Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy boasts high density, high tensile strength, excellent radiation absorption, and good processability, making it widely applicable in aerospace counterweights, armor-piercing projectile cores, nuclear radiation shielding, and medical equipment protection. Beyond tungsten content, powder characteristics, production processes, and process parameters, the nickel-iron ratio is another key factor influencing its performance. The nickel-iron ratio significantly affects the alloy’s properties by regulating its phase composition and microstructure, thereby altering its mechanical, physical, and processing characteristics. Mechanical Properties: The nickel-iron ratio impacts…

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Influence of Tungsten Content on Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy Performance 14

Tungsten is the core component of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy, imparting exceptional counterweight performance through its high density of 19.35 g/cm3. It also enhances the alloy’s strength and hardness via solid-solution strengthening and particle dispersion strengthening, while optimizing its radiation absorption capacity, making it an ideal choice for high-performance shielding materials. The tungsten content (approximately 90%–98%) significantly impacts alloy properties. Higher tungsten levels generally increase density; for instance, a 90W-7Ni-3Fe alloy has a density of about 17.1 g/cm3, a 93W-4Ni-3Fe alloy around…

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Factors Influencing the Performance of Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy 12

Tungsten-nickel-iron alloy is a material with tungsten as its base, incorporating nickel and iron, where tungsten content typically ranges from 90% to 98%, and the nickel-to-iron ratio is commonly 7:3 or 1:1. It exhibits high density, high strength, and excellent radiation shielding capabilities, finding wide use in counterweights and shielding applications. However, its performance is not fixed and is influenced by factors such as composition ratio, raw material quality, forming process, and heat treatment parameters. Composition Ratio: The proportions of…

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Properties of Tungsten-Nickel-Iron Alloy 8

In the expansive realm of materials science, tungsten-nickel-iron alloy garners significant attention for its unique properties and broad applications. As the name suggests, it is an alloy based on tungsten, with nickel and iron added, typically in a nickel-to-iron ratio of 7:3 or 1:1, and tungsten content ranging from 90% to 98%. This composition endows it with a host of exceptional characteristics. I. High Density: A “Weighty” Advantage One of the standout features of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy is its high density,…

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